The Romanization of Art in Celtiberia (Central Spain)
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Art, Celtiberia, SpainResumo
Resumen Un estudio de la evolución del arte en el centro de Hispania en época romana (del fin de La República hasta el Alto Imperio) ofrece una perspectiva reveladora del intercambio de culturas romana y indígena. El arte celtibérico daba énfasis a técnicas tradicionales y valores sociales que se diferenciaban de los del conquistador. Por tanto los artistas tenían que adoptar nuevas habilidades y estrategias para halagar el gusto romanizante de sus clientes. Al mismo tiempo la paz romana elimino el comercio de armamento decorado, propio a la aristocracia guerrera. La producción de vasos pintados continuó, pero con figuras más racionales y más vivaces, en conformidad con normas clásicas. Al lado de esculturas tradicionales en terracota encontramos estatuaria fina en nuevos medios, en particular bronce y mármol. Un aumento de escultura representacional acaba por la ejecución de retratos precisos, a diferencia del esquematismo abstracto del arte céltico. El repertorio de pinturas murales se extende desde las muestras geométricas de la época prerromana a primorosos diseños florales y zoomorfos. Los artesanos de mosaico, médio completamente nuevo, cuidadosamente dan preferencia a los diseños geométricos, si bien existen también ejemplos figurados. Tales innovaciones producen nuevos símbolos y formas artísticos, sin embargo persisten algunos motivos tradicionales (por ejemplo, bestias fantásticas e híbridos humano-animales). Se crea como resultado un arte ni totalmente romano ni totalmente indígena, sino efectivamente provincial. Palabras claves: Arte, Celtiberia, Hispania Abstract A case study of artistic evolution in Central Spain during the period of Romanization (Late Republic to Early Empire) offers a fascinating perspective on the interplay of Roman and indigenous cultures. Celtiberian art stressed traditional techniques and social values that differed greatly from those of the conqueror. Artists therefore had to adopt new skills and strategies to cater to a clientele that was increasingly acquiring Romanized tastes. With the Roman peace there is no longer a market for elaborately decorated military hardware for a warrior aristocracy, so its production is discontinued. Vase painting continues, but the painted figures are more rational and lifelike, conforming more closely to classical canons. The tradition of terracotta sculpture does not die, but alongside it we encounter fine statuary in new media, notably bronze and marble. A growing trend towards representationalism results in the accurate sculpting of portraits, in contrast to the abstract schematism of Celtic art. The repertory of wall-painting expands from the simple geometric patterns of the pre-Roman period to elaborate floral and faunal designs. Mosaic pavements represent a totally new artistic medium, with the artists showing a cautious preference for geometric designs, though figural examples are also found. But while these innovations produce new artistic forms and symbols, some of the traditional motifs (such as fantastic creatures and human/animal hybrids) persist. The result is the creation of an art which is neither wholly Roman nor wholly indigenous, but may best be characterized as provincial. Keywords: Art, Celtiberia, SpainDownloads
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